Recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis (TB) cases born in the European region, according to sympatric and allopatric lineages.

Recent transmission was determined by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR genotyping which is based on repetitive sequences. Clustered cases were defined as cases belonging to a molecular cluster of TB transmission based on isolates showing an identical genotyping pattern, and unclustered as cases with a unique genotyping pattern. Sympatric was defined as a strain belonging to Lineage 4 (Euro-American lineage), allopatric as a strain belonging to a lineage other than Lineage 4.1Fisher's exact test (1-sided).95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ND, not defined; OR, Odds Ratio.Odds ratios were derived from exact logistic models. Model was adjusted for age group (45 years and younger), being born in Switzerland and recent TB in families or social surroundings.