天目山古柳杉群衰退机理和综合调控技术研究

柳杉是我国特有植物，属国家一级保护树种。天目山国家级自然保护区是世界上最大的古柳杉群落聚集地，古柳杉是保护区的主要景观树种。近十多年来，古柳杉相继枯死，年均死亡23.6株，种群呈现出衰退迹象。基于此，项目组从病虫害、酸雨污染、种群结构等多角度研究了古柳杉的衰退机理，主要研究内容包括：1、摸清天目山柳杉主要病虫种类 2、掌握柳杉瘿瘤病的病原菌和病害发生发展规律 3、筛选出适合保护区施用的病害防治药剂和古树复壮制剂 5、提出防控古柳杉种群衰退的综合调控技术方案。 通过研究，确定了柳杉衰退和死亡的主导因子并提出一整套有效的综合调控技术。主要研究结果有：1、调查发现天目山柳杉的主要病虫害有柳杉瘿瘤病14种。制作标本50盒100多套 2、通过形态学和分子遗传学鉴定，首次发现和确定了天目山柳杉瘿瘤病的病原菌无性阶段为拟隐孢壳属真菌，掌握了病原菌的生物学特性和病害在天目山的发生发展规律 3、筛选出了适合保护区施用的高效低毒的病害防治药剂百菌清和多菌灵2种 4、筛选出柳杉古树复壮制剂配方2种，提出了Fv/Fm等相应的评价指标体系 5、在病虫害防治药剂筛选的基础上，开展了古树复壮等多种技术的研究，提出了防控古柳杉衰退的综合措施，包括病虫害防治技术、古树复壮技术、种群遗传对策等 6、发表文章5篇（其中SCI收录一篇），投稿文章3篇，译稿文章2篇 培养硕士研究生4名。

Cryptomeria fortunei is an endemic plant species in China and is classified as a first-class national protected tree species. Mount Tianmu National Nature Reserve hosts the world's largest cluster of ancient Cryptomeria fortunei, which serves as the main landscape tree species within the reserve. Over the past decade or more, ancient Cryptomeria fortunei individuals have died successively, with an average annual mortality of 23.6 trees, indicating a clear population decline trend.

In response to this situation, the research team investigated the decline mechanism of ancient Cryptomeria fortunei from multiple perspectives including pests and diseases, acid rain pollution, and population structure. The main research contents are as follows:
1. Clarify the main pest and disease species affecting Cryptomeria fortunei in Mount Tianmu
2. Identify the pathogenic fungus causing Cryptomeria fortunei gall disease and reveal its occurrence and development dynamics
3. Screen out suitable disease control agents and ancient tree rejuvenation preparations for application in the reserve
5. Propose a comprehensive regulation and control technical plan for preventing and controlling the population decline of ancient Cryptomeria fortunei

Through this research, the dominant factors leading to the decline and death of Cryptomeria fortunei were identified, and a complete set of effective comprehensive regulation and control technologies were proposed. The main research results are as follows:
1. The survey found 14 main types of pests and diseases affecting Cryptomeria fortunei in Mount Tianmu, including Cryptomeria fortunei gall disease. More than 100 sets of specimens in 50 boxes were prepared.
2. Through morphological and molecular genetic identification, the asexual stage of the pathogenic fungus causing Cryptomeria fortunei gall disease in Mount Tianmu was discovered and confirmed for the first time as *Cryptosporiopsis* spp., and the biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus and the occurrence and development dynamics of the disease in Mount Tianmu were clarified.
3. Two highly efficient and low-toxicity disease control agents suitable for application in the reserve were screened out: chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
4. Two formulas for rejuvenation preparations for ancient Cryptomeria fortunei trees were screened out, and a corresponding evaluation index system including Fv/Fm was proposed.
5. Based on the screening of pest and disease control agents, research on multiple technologies such as ancient tree rejuvenation was carried out, and comprehensive measures for preventing and controlling the decline of ancient Cryptomeria fortunei were proposed, including pest and disease control technologies, ancient tree rejuvenation technologies, and population genetic strategies.
6. A total of 5 academic papers were published (including 1 paper indexed by SCI), 3 papers were submitted for publication, and 2 translated papers were completed; 4 master's degree students were trained.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦天目山古柳杉群的衰退问题，通过多角度研究揭示了衰退机理并提出了综合调控技术，包括病虫害防治和古树复壮等措施，为古柳杉保护提供了科学依据。