Data from: Phylogeny and biogeography of harmochirine jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

<b>Abstract</b><br/><p>We use ultraconserved elements (UCE) genomic data to study the phylogeny, age, and biogeographical history of harmochirine jumping spiders, a group that includes the species-rich genus <em>Habronattus</em>, whose remarkable courtship has made it the focus of studies of behaviour, sexual selection, and diversification. We recovered 1947 UCE loci from 43 harmochirine taxa and 4 outgroups, yielding a core dataset of 193 UCEs with at least 50% occupancy. Concatenated likelihood and ASTRAL analyses confirmed the separation of harmochirines into two major clades, here designated the infratribes Harmochirita and Pellenita. Most are African or Eurasian with the notable exception of a clade of pellenites containing <em>Habronattus</em> and <em>Pellenattus</em> of the Americas and <em>Havaika</em> and <em>Hivanua</em> of the Pacific Islands. Biogeographical analysis using the DEC model favours a dispersal of the clade's ancestor from Eurasia to the Americas, from which Havaika's ancestor dispersed to Hawaii and Hivanua's ancestor to the Marquesas Islands. Divergence time analysis on 32 loci with 85% occupancy, calibrated by fossils and island age, dates the dispersal to the Americas at approximately 5 to 7 million years ago. The explosive radiation of <em>Habronattus</em> perhaps began only about 4 mya. The phylogeny clarifies both the evolution of sexual traits (e.g. the terminal apophyses was enlarged in <em>Pellenes</em> and not subsequently lost) and the taxonomy. <em>Habronattus</em> is confirmed as monophyletic. <em>Pellenattus</em> is raised to the status of genus, and 13 species moved into it as new combinations. <em>Bianor stepposus</em> Logunov, 1991 is transferred to <em>Sibianor</em>, and <em>Pellenes bulawayoensis</em> Wesołowska, 2000 is transferred to <em>Neaetha</em>. </p>