FUS-mediated inhibition of myogenesis elicited by suppressing TNNT1 production_Supplementary materials

Myogenesis is a highly orchestrated process whereby muscle precursor cells, myoblasts, develop into muscle fibers to form skeletal muscle during embryogenesis and regenerate adult muscle. Here, we studied the RNA-binding protein FUS (fused in sarcoma), which has been implicated in muscular and neuromuscular pathologies but is poorly characterized in myogenesis. Given that FUS levels declined in human and mouse models of skeletal myogenesis, and that silencing FUS enhanced myogenesis, we hypothesized that FUS might be a repressor of myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, overexpression of FUS delayed myogenesis, accompanied by slower production of muscle differentiation markers. To identify the mechanisms through which FUS inhibits myogenesis, we uncovered RNA targets of FUS by ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) followed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Stringent selection of the bound transcripts uncovered <i>Tnnt1</i> mRNA, encoding troponin T (TNNT1), as a major effector of FUS influence on myogenesis. We found that in myoblasts, FUS sequestered <i>Tnnt1</i> mRNA in the nucleus, preventing TNNT1 expression; however, reduction of FUS during myogenesis or by silencing FUS released <i>Tnnt1</i> mRNA for export to the cytoplasm, enabling TNNT1 translation and promoting myogenesis. We propose that FUS inhibits myogenesis by suppressing TNNT1 expression through a mechanism of nuclear <i>Tnnt1</i> mRNA retention.