Seasonal transcriptome atlas of 80 neural and peripheral tissues of male and female non-human primate Macaca mulatta

Rhythms of life on earth are shaped by the seasons. Accordingly, various physiological functions such as hormonal secretion, metabolism, growth, immune function, and reproduction show profound seasonal changes in animals including humans. Morbidity in humans due to cardiovascular disease, influenza, and psychiatric diseases is also seasonally regulated and peaks in winter. However, their underlying molecular bases remain unknown. Non-human primates (NHPs) represent the nearest-to-human alternative and are crucial to understand human physiology and diseases. In this study, we identifed genes that showed seasonal oscillations in the expressions for each of the 80 tissues, including 30 brain regions and 50 peripheral tissues collected every 2 months from male and female NHP rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were kept under seminatural outdoor conditions. In addition, the seasonal transcriptome partterns can be checked in our web database entitled “Non-Human Primate Seasonal Transcriptome Atlas (NHPSTA)”. The overall study contributes to our understanding of the molecular basis for seasonally regulated physiological mechanisms and provides potential biomarkers and targets for developing novel therapeutic intervention for seasonally regulated diseases. Transcriptome analysis of 80 tissues, including 30 brain regions and 50 peripheral tissues collected every 2 months from male and female NHP rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were kept under seminatural outdoor conditions.