Comparative transcriptomics and cellular analysis reveal the tolerance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis towards phenol as the representative phenolic inhibitors from lignocellulosic hydrolysis

These results illuminate that the cells of C. tropicalis prevent themselves from the assault of excessive phenol through keeping the intracellular phenol concentration below the external level, maintaining the high fidelity of DNA replication, retaining the intracellular protein homeostasis and the organelles integrity, and reducing the permeability to phenol. The knowledges obtained from this research will broaden the perspectives on the tolerance mechanisms of yeast to phenolics and promote the genetic modification of yeast strains to manufacture biological products using lignocellulosic hydrolysates as carbon resource.