Hepatitis B infection

The bepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus in the Hepadnaviridae family which infects hepatocytes in the liver. It causes both acute and chronic infections, and prolonged chronic infection can lead to complications such as cirrhosis and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The left side of the pathway describes the pathogenesis of HBV. The virus binds NTCP (SLC10A1) and is subsequently endocytosed. It is transported to the nucleus where viral polymerase creates covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Using the host RNA polymerase, this is transcribed into viral mRNAs. Viral DNA polymerase then synthesizes viral DNA via its reverse transcriptase activity. Assembled viral particles exit the cell via the ESCRT pathway. The HBV regulatory protein HBx interferes with many cellular processes including transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progress, protein degradation, apoptosis and chromosomal stability. This pathway was developed based on https://www.kegg.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway+hsa05161. Protein phosphorylation sites were added based on information from PhosphoSitePlus (R), www.phosphosite.org

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）属于嗜肝病毒科，该病毒感染肝脏的肝细胞。它可引起急性及慢性感染，而长期的慢性感染可能导致肝硬化以及肝细胞癌（HCC）的风险增加。路径的左侧描述了HBV的发病机制。病毒与NTCP（SLC10A1）结合，随后被内吞。病毒被转运至细胞核，其中病毒多聚酶生成共价闭合环状DNA（cccDNA）。利用宿主RNA聚合酶，cccDNA被转录成病毒mRNA。随后，病毒DNA多聚酶通过其反转录酶活性合成病毒DNA。组装好的病毒颗粒通过ESCRT途径从细胞中释放。HBV调控蛋白HBx干扰多种细胞过程，包括转录、信号转导、细胞周期进程、蛋白质降解、细胞凋亡以及染色体稳定性。本路径基于https://www.kegg.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway+hsa05161开发。基于PhosphoSitePlus（R），www.phosphosite.org的信息添加了蛋白质磷酸化位点。