Detection of the knee point in lithium-ion battery
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The dataset used in our study consists of 60 commercial lithium-ion batteries cycled under various operating conditions. These high-power NCA/Gr-Si cylindrical cells, manufactured by Samsung SDI (INR 18650-30Q), were cycled using vertical cylindrical fixtures on a battery cycler (CRC 05-10, Wonik PNE, South Korea) in a temperature-controlled chamber. The cells have a nominal capacity of 3 Ah and a nominal voltage of 3.6V. The voltage-cutoffs (2.5 V and 4.2 V, corresponding to 0%−100% SOC) adopted in this work were based on the manufacturer’s manual. 1st cycle aging test (SOH100→SOH80) under various operating conditions The cells were cycled under nine different operating conditions. The operating conditions were differentiated based on chamber temperature, (dis)charging cut-off voltages, and charging rates, while the discharge was identically conducted at 1C constant current (CC). The chambers were set to four different temperatures: 10 °C, 25 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C. Within each temperature, the tests were further subdivided based on charging C-rate into low C-rate (0.5C and 1C) and high C-rate (3C) conditions. For 45 °C and 60 °C conditions, further subdivisions with regard to charging rate were not conducted. At every 50 to 100 cycles, including BOL and EOL, every cell was subjected to the reference performance test (RPT) to measure SOH and kinetic properties (1C capacity and DCIR). The cycles lasted until the SOH reached SOH80. Especially, additional 1/30C (dis)charging cycles were conducted at EOL. Second cycle life test (SOH80→SOH60) after the EOL all the 60 cells were subjected to an additional cycling test with an identical cycling protocol (0.5C CC with CV of 0.25C cut-off for charge and 0.5C CC for discharge, 2.5 V−4.2 V) at 25°C, and the capacity of 0.2C−0.2C cycle was checked every 50 cycles. The cycles lasted until the SOH reached SOH60.
本研究使用的数据集包含60块在多种工况下完成循环测试的商用锂离子电池。该批次电芯为三星SDI（Samsung SDI）生产的INR 18650-30Q型号高功率NCA/Gr-Si圆柱形电池，测试时采用韩国Wonik PNE公司的CRC 05-10型电池测试仪搭配立式圆柱形夹具，并在控温箱中完成循环。该电芯额定容量为3 Ah，额定电压为3.6 V。本研究采用的电压截止值（2.5 V与4.2 V，对应0%−100%荷电状态 (State of Charge)）参考了厂商提供的手册。 第一阶段老化测试（健康状态从100%衰减至80%，SOH100→SOH80） 所有电芯在9种不同工况下完成循环测试。工况差异主要体现在控温箱温度、充放电截止电压及充电倍率，而放电环节均统一采用1C恒流 (Constant Current, CC) 模式。控温箱设置了4组温度梯度：10 ℃、25 ℃、45 ℃与60 ℃。在每组温度梯度下，测试进一步按充电倍率划分为低倍率（0.5C、1C）与高倍率（3C）工况；但针对45 ℃与60 ℃工况，未进行充电倍率细分。每50至100次循环（包括循环起始点 (Beginning of Life, BOL)与循环终点 (End of Life, EOL)），需对所有电芯执行参考性能测试 (Reference Performance Test, RPT)，以测量其健康状态 (State of Health, SOH)及动力学特性（1C容量与直流内阻 (Direct Current Internal Resistance, DCIR)）。测试持续至电芯健康状态衰减至SOH80。特别地，在测试终点EOL处，需额外执行1/30C倍率的充放电循环。 第二阶段循环寿命测试（健康状态从80%衰减至60%，SOH80→SOH60） 所有60块电芯均在25 ℃环境下，采用统一循环规程完成额外循环测试：充电环节采用0.5C恒流+恒压 (Constant Voltage, CV) 模式，截止电流为0.25C，放电环节采用0.5C恒流模式，电压区间为2.5 V−4.2 V。每50次循环需检测0.2C−0.2C循环下的电芯容量，测试持续至健康状态衰减至SOH60。
