THE INFLUENCE OF INNATE AND ACQUIRED FACTORS ON PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY

This article examines the relative contributions of innate factors, including biological and genetic predispositions, and acquired factors, including social, cultural, and environmental influences, to personality development from the perspective of contemporary psychological theories and empirical research. Moving beyond the traditional nature-nurture dichotomy, the article presents an integrative framework that emphasizes gene-environment interplay, epigenetic processes, and neuroplasticity. Particular attention is given to findings from twin and adoption studies, developmental changes in cognitive abilities and personality traits, and the implications of these findings for educational practice and child-rearing. The analysis suggests that personality development cannot be adequately explained by either heredity or environmental influences in isolation. Instead, it emerges through dynamic interactions among genetic predispositions, environmental conditions, individual experiences, and personal agency. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of developmentally appropriate education, supportive family environments, and further longitudinal research within diverse cultural contexts, including Uzbekistan.