hPOP

How humans differ from one another at the molecular level and the impact of ethnicity, age and environmental factors such as diet and geography are poorly understood. To address this gap, we performed deep multiomics profiling of 322 nominally healthy individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds located in distinct geographical regions. Our integrative analysis revealed several key findings among healthy individuals: associations between molecular profiles (genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, lipids, glycans, and microbiota) with age, diet, ethnicity, and geographical residence. We also identified ethnicity-specific genetic polymorphisms in key genes governing whole-body homeostasis, particularly in lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, neuroinflammation pathways, and aging. Similarly, we find many ethnicity-associated molecules linked to autoimmune disease and/or interact with therapeutic drugs. Individuals with European ancestry exhibited a lower phenotypic age, whereas those of Asian ancestry showed a higher phenotypic age when living outside their ancestral regions. Our study enhances our understanding of how environmental and genetic factors influence phenotypic and molecular traits and serves as a unique open access resource for the scientific community.