Dataset for "Constraints on the interpretation of atmospheric potential gradient anomalies associated with earthquakes: Evidence from Peru and Argentina"

This dataset supports the analyses reported in Romero et al. (2026). It contains two categories of data: 1. Hourly fair-weather (FW) potential gradient (PG) records at CASLEO, Argentina (2012-2024, 65,860 FW hours) and Ica, Peru (2018-2025, 34,103 FW hours). PG was measured with electric field mills at 2 Hz native resolution, aggregated to hourly means, and screened with the site-specific FW criteria described in Section 3.1 of the paper. These CSVs include only the FW hours used in the paper analysis and only the PG measurement columns (utc_ts, PG_Vm). Meteorological, cloud, gamma-ray, and raw high-frequency measurements are not redistributed in this deposit. 2. Regional seismic catalogs within 500 km of each observatory, after applying the analytical domain filters described in Section 3.4 of the paper. These are the exact subsets used in Section 4.1 and onward: 11,304 CAS events (M >= 3.0, R <= 500 km, Z <= 350 km) and 2,522 ICA events (M >= 3.0, R <= 500 km). Epicentral distances to each site are included (haversine; formula documented in 03_Metadata/data_dictionary.md). Together these two layers provide the public PG and seismic inputs used by the superposed epoch analysis, the Wilcoxon + BH-FDR inference, and the Monte Carlo power analysis on which the paper's main null result is based. The deposit also includes README.md (full description and citation), LICENSE.txt (CC-BY-4.0 legal text), and 03_Metadata/data_dictionary.md (schema, haversine formula, station coordinates, source agencies). Source seismic catalogs: Instituto Nacional de Prevencion Sismica (INPRES, Argentina) and Centro Sismologico Nacional (CENSIS) / Instituto Geofisico del Peru (IGP). Please cite those agencies in addition to this dataset if you redistribute the seismic data.