ref.: reference group. aMultivariate OR values were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, and cumulative cigarette smoking. *p<0.05 by trend test.
Background Observational studies have suggested associations between sedentary behaviors (SB), physical activity (PA), sleep duration (SD), and obesity, but the causal relationships remain unclear. Me
Aim: We aimed to examine the association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, smoking, and the GSTM1 gene in the risk of lung carcinogenesis. The two-step Mendelian randomization will reveal ev
Observational studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these observational associations are potentially influenced by the r
ObjectiveAssociations between diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (MSCTD) and breast cancer (BC) have not been elucidated completely. The purpose of this study was to investig
