Summary of baseline characteristics by study group.

HH: Household; USD: US dollars; HWS: Handwashing station
aKaccha walls refer to natural wall materials including jute, bamboo and mud.
b The narrow-mouth containers used by all 3 groups were almost exclusively kolshis, which have a narrow mouth but a wide brim and no lid, allowing contamination.
c Improved facilities include flush/pour flush latrines that drain to piped sewer, septic tank, or off-set pit; pit latrines with slab and water seal or with slab, no water seal but lid; and composting toilets.
d Unimproved facilities include flush/pour flush latrines that drain into the environment; open pits; pit latrines without slab; pit latrines with slab but no water seal and no lid; and hanging toilets.
Summary of baseline characteristics by study group.