Holotrichia parallela Transcriptome or Gene expression. Holotrichia parallela

In insects, the midgut tissue plays an important role for feeding and survival. The midgut is an unprotected interface with the environment; along with the Malpighian tubules and fat body, it is a primary site of xenobiotic metabolism like the metabolism of secondary plant metabolites and insecticides. The midgut tissue is the principal tissue affected by Cry toxins produced by Bt. When susceptible larvae ingest the 3d-Cry protoxin, it is solubilized and activated by gut proteases to generate a toxic fragment of approximately 60 kDa which is composed by three-domain structure. Then, the activated toxin binds to receptors located in the surface of midgut cells, insert to membrane and form nonselective pores or induce signal transduction cascade to activate an intracellular death pathways. The final outcome is the disruption of midgut cells and the killing of the larvae. Therefore, the genome or transcriptome information of insect midgut is important for a complete view of the insecticidal mechanism of 3d-Cry toxins. H. parallela is one of the dominant soil-dwelling insects and it is currently responsible for significant reduction in crops yield and great economic loss in China. Previous work identified several Bt strain and Cry toxins that are effective against H. parallela. However, the molecular mechanism of insecticidal activity is not known. In this work, a high quality reference transcriptome for H. parallela is reported, this information was obtained with the aim to provide midgut genomic information for further understanding the toxic mechanisms of specific insecticidal proteins in H. parallela.