SPSS

<br><b>Introduction</b>: The global prevalence of stroke is increasing, highlighting the critical importance of effective post-stroke rehabilitation. Although boccia was originally designed for individuals with special needs, its potential benefits for stroke rehabilitation, particularly on muscle morphology, have not been thoroughly investigated. <b>Purpose</b>: This study aimed to examine the effects of boccia exercises on upper extremity muscle thickness and grip strength in individuals with hemiparesis following stroke. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 22 stroke survivors were randomly assigned to a boccia group (Boc, n = 12) or a control group (Ctrl, n = 10). While the control group received conventional physical therapy for eight weeks, the boccia group participated in both physical therapy and boccia exercises three times per week. Upper extremity muscle thickness and grip strength were assessed before and after the intervention.