Obesity Health Disparities Research Center (OHDRC) COVID-19 Testing Model Among Vulnerable Populations From Community Engagement to Follow-Up

Background: The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a three-component mobile community-based COVID-19 testing model designed to improve reach, access, acceptance, uptake, and follow-up among vulnerable populations of African American and Hispanic residents of Jefferson County, Alabama. Guided by the Community Based Participatory Research framework, the study integrated a social determinants of health approach to strengthen community engagement, identify neighborhoods with the greatest testing needs, and improve navigation services for unmet healthcare and social needs.

Materials/Methods: The study deployed a mobile neighborhood testing model across underserved communities using a three-component structure that combined community engagement, targeted site selection based on social determinants of health, and enhanced follow-up support. The model included mobile testing units, community health workers, and navigation services to help participants access clinical care, social services, and other supports after testing. Data collection captured testing uptake, participant engagement, and follow-up patterns. Community partners helped guide implementation and ensure culturally relevant communication and outreach. The approach emphasized reaching populations facing significant barriers to COVID-19 testing and care.

Outcome/Impact: The study showed that a mobile, community-embedded testing model improved reach and uptake of COVID-19 testing in vulnerable populations. The study strengthened follow-up processes by linking individuals to needed healthcare and social services, and supported efforts to reduce disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. Findings provided evidence for scaling mobile community-based testing approaches as a strategy to improve pandemic response in underserved settings.