Concentration and yield of choline and choline metabolites in milk of dairy cows during lactation.

1Acetylcholine (ACho), betaine (Bet), free choline (Cho), glycerophosphocholine (GPCho), lysophophatidylcholine (LPC), not detected (nd), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphocholine (PCho), sphingomyelin (SM), total choline (TC), total choline moiety (TCM).2Variables were Log10 transformed to obtain equal variance. Means and SEM are back-transformed.3TC is the sum of ACho, Cho, LPC, PC, PCho, SM and GPCho.4TCM is the sum of choline moiety originating from ACho, Cho, LPC, PC, PCho, SM and GPCho.abcdMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (PConcentration and yield of choline and choline metabolites in milk of dairy cows during lactation.