Summary of anthropometric and clinical parameters from patients with IBD and healthy controls at the study baseline (week 0) and endpoint (week 40).

In total, we collected samples from 11 patients with IBD (10 samples at baseline, 8 samples at endpoint) and 39 healthy controls. Comparisons between patients with IBD and HCs were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test. Changes during ustekinumab treatment (week 0 vs. week 40) were evaluated by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple hypothesis testing. Medians are reported with the first and third quartiles in parentheses. n (number of participants), CD (Crohn’s disease), UC (ulcerative colitis), HC (healthy control), HBI (Harvey-Bradshaw Index), pMayo (partial Mayo score), CRP (C-reactive protein), FC (fecal calprotectin), Hb (hemoglobin), PLT (platelet count), WBC (white blood cells), ns (not significant), NA (not available).