Data and Code for: The Effect of Immigration Restrictions on Local Labor Markets: Lessons from the 1920s Border Closure

<pre>In the 1920s, the United States substantially reduced immigration by imposing country-specic entry quotas. We compare local labor markets differentially exposed to the quotas due to variation in the national-origin mix of their immigrant population. US-born work- ers in areas losing immigrants did not benefit relative to workers in less exposed areas. Instead, in urban areas, European immi- grants were replaced with internal migrants and immigrants from Mexico and Canada. By contrast, farmers shifted toward capital- intensive agriculture and the immigrant-intensive mining industry contracted. These differences highlight the uneven effects of the quota system at the local level.<br></pre>