Stratified and meta-regression analysis to explore the effects of the study characteristics.

aThe pooled RR of CKD for each 1 mg/dL increase in the SUA within the strata of each study characteristic are indicated.bP for the heterogeneity within each subgroup.cP for the heterogeneity between subgroups in the meta-regression analysis. The analysis was based on 15 studies and 19 data points because men and women were included separately for the studies reported by Ben-Dov IZ et al., Mok Y et al., Wang S et al., and Yamada T et al. For the mean age, BMI, mean SUA, and follow-up duration, the P-value was obtained by modeling these variables as continuous variables in the meta-regression analysis.