The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Genotype 2 (PRRSV-2)-derived Oncolytic Protein Reprograms Tumor Associated Macrophages

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a form of immunotherapy aimed at eliminating tumor cells while preserving healthy ones and reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) to trigger antitumor responses. Specifically, it focuses on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which exhibit characteristics similar to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, known as M2-like TAMs. Previous research identified antigens A1 and A3 from Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Genotype 2 (PRRSV-2) as capable of converting M2-type porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) into M1-like phenotypes. The objective of this study is to employ OVT strategies by introducing A1 or A3 into TAMs to transform them into anti-tumor M1 macrophages while maintaining their ability to target cancer cells.