Analysis of the antibody response in immunized chickens before and after challenge with IBDV.

1Route of vaccine administration was shown as O: oral (via oral gavage), P: parenteral (intramuscularly) and X: no vaccination.2Chickens with A405 nm above 0.2 were considered seropositive.3The ratio of the survivors to the total chickens in the group one week after viral challenge.4Pichia: freeze-dried and inactivated intact P. pastoris cells. Resuspended in 1 ml drinking water.5Oral adjuvant is a mixture of NaF salt (100 mg/kg chicken weight) and 50 µg CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN).6The administered dosage was according to the manufacture's instructions (Lohmann Animal Health, Cuxhaven, Germany).