Associations between antibodies and risk of clinical malaria.

Notes: Study participants (n = 206) were stratified into 3 equal groups according to low, medium or high levels of antigen-specific antibodies. Hazard ratios were calculated comparing high versus low levels of antibodies (HvL) and medium versus low levels (MvL) of antibodies for the risk of symptomatic malaria over 6 months of follow-up; analysis was based on first episode only. Unadjusted hazard ratios (uHR), adjusted (age-adjusted and location-adjusted) hazard ratios hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] were calculated. During the follow-up period, 80 children experienced at least one episode of clinical malaria, and 196 were re-infected (as detected by PCR).