Cultural Affiliation Report, Chapter 3: Review of Traditional Historical and Ethnographic Information

This report has been prepared under contract with the National Park Service for the purpose of investigating the ethnographic and historical data concerning the cultural affiliation of the Kennewick human remains. Specifically I was asked to review published and archival materials related to the traditional ethnography, including traditional histories, kinship and patterns of residence, trade and social networks, artifact types and dwellings, community and settlement patterns, and economic and subsistence patterns. The documented historic database was also to be reviewed but was considered secondary. The specifications of this contract were to focus on the period prior to the written historical record, 1805, and extending back to the approximate date of the Kennewick human remains, circa 9,500 BP. The determinations of the Indian Claims Commission were to be consulted for the approximate boundaries of tribal territories and based on these determinations and stated interest the following recognized and non-recognized tribes were to be considered in this report: the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation; the Nez Perce Tribe; the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation; the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation; and the Wanapum Band of Indians, a non-federally recognized tribe.