Systematic Literature Review: Discussion of Transfer Pricing According to Contemporary Global Business within the Scope of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Transfer pricing is a key concern in international business, as it allows multinational corporations (MNCs) to allocate income and costs among subsidiaries in different countries. This practice can have significant implications for tax authorities and policymakers, as it often leads to tax avoidance and profit shifting. This paper presents a systematic literature review on transfer pricing, focusing on the theoretical frameworks, regulatory challenges, and practical implications. The review includes research published from 2019 to 2024, examining how transfer pricing regulations evolve in response to globalization and digital economy trends. Findings suggest that while regulations have become more stringent, MNCs continue to exploit loopholes in tax systems. The paper also discusses emerging trends, such as the impact of digitalization on transfer pricing strategies and policy enforcement.