Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) - Comoros

Abstract
---------------------------

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/.

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2).
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through GeoPoll. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the documentations tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Individuals

Universe
---------------------------

Individuals of 15 years or older.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

A sampling quota of at least 200 observations per each Administrative 1 areas is set
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: NA

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [CAPI]

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
---------------------------

The margin of error is estimated as NA. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

Since the population with access to mobile telephones is likely to differ from the rest of the population with respect to their access to food, post-hoc adjustments were made to control for the potential resulting bias. Post-stratification weights were built to adjust the sample distribution by gender and education of the respondent at admin-1 level, to match the same distribution in the total population. However, an additional step was needed to try to ascertain the food insecurity condition of those with access to phones compared to that of the total population.

Using FIES data collected by FAO through the GWP between 2014 and 2019, and a variable on access to mobile telephones that was also in the dataset, it was possible to compare the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe level, and severe level only, of respondents with access to a mobile phone to that of the total population at national level.

摘要
---------------------------
可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1项承诺各国致力于消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，‘基于食物不安全体验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍性’，提供了国际上可比较的估计，用以衡量面临食物获取困难的人口比例。更详细的背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/找到。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或严重食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2）。
2. 经历严重食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过GeoPoll收集。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于计算国家级的2.1.2指标。计算此指标的说明可在文档选项卡中的方法论文件中找到。不建议在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计将受到大量抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
国家

分析单元
---------------------------
个人

总体
---------------------------
15岁或以上个人。

数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------
为每个行政1区域设定至少200个观察值的抽样配额
排除：NA
设计效应：NA

数据收集方式
---------------------------
计算机辅助个人访谈[CAPI]

清理操作
---------------------------
统计验证通过测试FIES数据与Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及对多个统计数据的解释，这些统计数据揭示了1）在特定情境中表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度异常响应模式的案例，3）可能冗余的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体方差中的总比例。

抽样误差估计
---------------------------
误差范围估计为NA。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。

数据评估
---------------------------
由于拥有移动电话的人口可能与其他没有获得移动电话的人口在获得食物方面存在差异，因此进行了事后调整以控制潜在的偏差。构建了后分层权重，通过在行政1级别调整样本分布，根据受访者的性别和教育程度来匹配总人口中的相同分布。然而，还需要额外一步来尝试确定拥有电话人群的食物不安全状况与总人口相比的情况。

使用FAO通过GWP在2014年至2019年间收集的FIES数据和数据集中同样存在的移动电话访问变量，可以比较拥有移动电话的受访者中食物不安全在中等或严重水平，以及仅在严重水平上的普遍性，与全国层面的总人口相比。