Grape seed extract supplementation altered the rumen microbiota composition in dairy cows

The rumen microbiota plays a key role in the energy and nutrient acquisition of dairy cows. Dairy cows during the transition period experience severe negative energy balance and rumen microbiota disruption and are prone to metabolic disorders and decreased milk production. Grape seed extract has been shown to modulate the rumen microbiota in the rumen simulation technique in dairy cows. However, it is unclear whether GSE improves energy metabolism in dairy cows during the transition period by altering the composition of rumen microbiota.