海河流域多尺度地表通量与气象要素观测数据集：怀来站-自动气象站（10m塔）-2023

该数据集包含了2023年1月1日至2023年12月31日的10m塔自动气象站观测数据。站点位于河北省怀来县东花园镇，下垫面为水浇地玉米。观测点的经纬度是115.7880E, 40.3491N，海拔480m。
自动气象站安装在10m塔上，采集频率为30s，且10min输出一次。观测要素包括空气温度、相对湿度（5 m），朝向为正北；风速（10 m），风向（10 m），朝向为正北；气压（安装在防水箱内）；雨量（10 m）；四分量辐射（5 m），朝向为正南；土壤温湿度探头埋设在气象塔正南方1.5m处，土壤温度探头埋设深度为0cm、2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160 cm处，土壤水分传感器埋设深度为2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm；平均土壤温度埋在地下2, 4cm；土壤热流板（3块）埋设在地下6 cm处。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天1440个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2023-6-10 10:30。
自动气象站发布的数据包括：日期/时间Date/Time，空气温湿观测（Ta_5m,RH_5m）(℃，%)，风速(Ws_10m)（m/s），风向（WD）（°），降水（Rain）(mm)，四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR、ULR、Rn）(W/m2)，地表辐射温度（IRT1、IRT2）（℃），土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2）(W/m2)、 多层土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_160cm）(%)、多层土壤温度（Ts_2cm 、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(℃)、平均土壤温度TCAV(℃) ，气压（Press）(hpa)。
观测试验或站点信息请参考Guo et al. (2020)，数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2013)。

This dataset contains in-situ observation data from a 10m-tower automatic weather station (AWS) spanning from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. The AWS station is located in Donghuayuan Town, Huailai County, Hebei Province, with the underlying surface being irrigated corn fields. The observation site has coordinates of 115.7880°E, 40.3491°N, and an altitude of 480 m. The automatic weather station is mounted on a 10m meteorological tower, with a sampling interval of 30 seconds and data output every 10 minutes. Observation variables include air temperature and relative humidity at 5 m height (oriented to true north), wind speed and wind direction at 10 m height (oriented to true north), atmospheric pressure (installed in a waterproof enclosure), rainfall at 10 m height, and four-component radiation at 5 m height (oriented to true south). Soil temperature and moisture probes are buried 1.5 m directly south of the meteorological tower. Soil temperature sensors are installed at depths of 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and 160 cm, while soil moisture sensors are deployed at depths of 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and 160 cm. A mean soil temperature sensor (TCAV) is buried at depths of 2 cm and 4 cm. Three soil heat flux plates are installed at a depth of 6 cm below the ground. Data processing and quality control procedures for the observations are as follows: (1) Ensure a total of 1440 records per day (one record every 10 minutes), with missing data marked as -6999; (2) Remove duplicate records at the same timestamp; (3) Delete data that clearly exceed physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Standardize date and time formats, with date and time combined in a single column. For example, the timestamp format is `2023-6-10 10:30`. The published dataset from the AWS includes the following variables: Date/Time, air temperature and relative humidity at 5 m (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (units: ℃, %), wind speed at 10 m (Ws_10m) (unit: m/s), wind direction (WD) (unit: °), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR, ULR, Rn) (unit: W/m²), surface radiation temperature (IRT1, IRT2) (unit: ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2) (unit: W/m²), multi-layer soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: %), multi-layer soil temperature (Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: ℃), mean soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: ℃), and atmospheric pressure (Press) (unit: hPa). Please refer to Guo et al. (2020) for information on the observation experiment and station setup, and Liu et al. (2013) for details on the data processing procedures.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2023年海河流域怀来站10米塔自动气象站的观测数据，涵盖多种气象要素和土壤参数，数据质量经过严格控制，适用于地表通量和气象要素的相关研究。