Transitions to Adulthood in the Context of AIDS 1999-2002 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Transitions study is conducted by the School of Population and Poverty Studies at the University of Natal, Durban, the Horizons Project, the Policy Research Division of the Population Council, and Focus on Young Adults (FOCUS), and the MEASURE/Evaluation Project of Tulane University. The research is a prospective study of reproductive behavior and sexual health of adolescents in South Africa as well as their education and employment experiences, family and environmental conditions, and other factors in their lives that may influence their sexual behavior and choices.

The study design includes two rounds of data collection from adolescents (ages 14-22), in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, during 1999 and 2001-2002.

Additional data was collected at baseline and follow-up from all schools in the study area regarding the teaching of a Life Skills Programme in those schools. This programme, introduced initially in secondary schools, was a key strategy in the state's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa.
The survey data is complemented by data on communities (collected in May and June 2000) and an exploration of some of the principal results from the survey data based on focus groups and other qualitative approaches (carried out in August and September 2000).

Geographic coverage
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The survey was carried out in the Durban Metropolitan and Mtunzini Magisterial Districts of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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The study covered adolescents (ages 14-22), in selected households in the Durban Metropolitan and Mtunzini Magisterial Districts of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.

Kind of data
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Longitudinal Survey [ls]

Sampling procedure
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Two administrative areas within the province - the Durban Metropolitan and Mtunzini Magisterial Districts - wereselected within KwaZulu-Natal for the study.These administrative areas were selected to ensure a variety of urban, transitional and rural regions within the province. Urban respondents (77 percent of the sample) were taken from the Durban Metro sample as well as those living in urban areas within the Mtunzini Magisterial District. Rural respondents (23 percent) were from the rural areas of Mtunzini.

The study used a modified multi-stage cluster sample approach. The first stage required the random selection of 120 enumeration areas (EAs) from a sampling frame of all EAs in the two districts. At the second stage, field supervisors divided EAs into approximately equal segments of a predetermined size (based on an estimate for the average number of adolescents expected per household, derived from census data). The study team then selected one segment randomly, and interviewers tried (in up to three visits) to find all households within that segment and interview every young person between the ages of 14 and 22 reported to live in those households.

For the study, two rounds of surveys of households and youth were undertaken, in 1999 and 2001-2002. Within each area, all youth 14-22 years of age residing in a segmented, probability sample of Census Enumeration Areas (CEAs) were interviewed in the Wave 1 survey (1999). In Wave 2 (2001), all youth 14-24 years of age residing in the same CEAs were included in the survey, including 2,222 of the 3,052 youth also interviewed in Wave 1.

The individual and household survey data were complemented by surveys with school principals undertaken in 1999 and 2001 and a community survey of the areas undertaken in mid-2000.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire included questions about household members, living conditions, economic shocks, expenditure, government assistance, and discussions about HIV in the household.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and cleaning were done by Policy and Praxis, an independent South African data management organization

Response rate
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Interviewers completed interviews with 82.2 percent of the adolescents identified in the selected households. However, response rates varied by population group. Interviewers successfully completed interviews with 90.9 percent of eligible adolescents among Africans in rural areas, 83.6 percent among Africans in urban areas, 69.6 percent among Asians, and 67.5 percent among Whites (the latter two groups were only selected in urban areas). These differences arise from the different patterns of activities among population groups, which keep some youth more than others away from home.

摘要
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transitions 研究由纳塔尔大学人口与贫困研究学院、horizons 项目、人口理事会政策研究部、关注青年（FOCUS）以及杜兰大学 measure/evaluation 项目共同开展。本研究是一项前瞻性研究，旨在探究南非青少年在生殖行为、性健康、教育及就业经历、家庭和环境条件等方面的状况，以及可能影响其性行为和选择的诸多因素。

研究设计包括对 14-22 岁青少年（在南非夸祖鲁纳塔尔省的夸祖鲁-纳塔尔地区）进行两轮数据收集，时间分别为 1999 年和 2001-2002 年。

此外，在研究区域内的所有学校中，对生命技能课程的教学情况进行了基线和后续数据的收集。该课程最初在中学引入，是国家应对南非 HIV/AIDS 流行病的核心策略之一。

调查数据得到社区数据（于 2000 年 5 月和 6 月收集）的补充，并基于焦点小组和其他定性方法（于 2000 年 8 月和 9 月进行）对调查数据的主要结果进行了探索。

地理覆盖范围
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调查在南非夸祖鲁纳塔尔省的德班都会区和姆图兹尼尼地区进行。

分析单元
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个体

总体
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研究涵盖了在南非夸祖鲁纳塔尔省德班都会区和姆图兹尼尼地区选定家庭中的 14-22 岁青少年。

数据类型
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纵向调查 [ls]

抽样程序
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在夸祖鲁纳塔尔省，从两个行政区域——德班都会区和姆图兹尼尼地区——中选取了两个行政区域进行研究。这些行政区域的选择旨在确保省内的城市、过渡和乡村地区多样性。来自德班都会区样本以及生活在姆图兹尼尼地区内的城市居民的受访者（样本中的 77%）被选中。来自姆图兹尼尼地区乡村地区的受访者（23%）来自乡村地区。

研究采用了修改后的多阶段聚类抽样方法。第一阶段需要从两个区所有抽样框中的所有统计区域（EA）中随机选择 120 个统计区域。在第二阶段，现场监督员将统计区域划分为大致相等的预定大小（基于从人口普查数据中得出的平均每户期望青少年数量的估计）。然后，研究团队随机选择一个区域，并试图（最多三次访问）在该区域内找到所有家庭，并对报告居住在这些家庭中的 14 至 22 岁的每个年轻人进行访谈。

对于研究，进行了两轮家庭和青年调查，分别在 1999 年和 2001-2002 年进行。在每个区域内，第一波调查（1999 年）中，对居住在分段的、概率抽样的人口普查统计区域（CEA）内的所有 14-22 岁的青少年进行了访谈。在第二波（2001 年）中，包括在同一 CEA 内居住的所有 14-24 岁的青少年，包括 2,222 名在第一波中也接受过访谈的 3,052 名青少年中的 2,222 名。

个体和家庭调查数据得到 1999 年和 2001 年进行的学校校长调查以及 2000 年中期进行的社区调查的补充。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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问卷包括关于家庭成员、生活环境、经济冲击、支出、政府援助以及家庭中关于 HIV 的讨论等问题。

数据清洗操作
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数据录入和清洗由独立的南非数据管理组织 Policy and Praxis 完成。

响应率
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访谈员完成了对选定家庭中识别出的 82.2% 的青少年的访谈。然而，响应率因人口群体而异。访谈员成功完成了 90.9% 的农村地区非洲裔青少年的访谈，83.6% 的城市地区非洲裔青少年的访谈，69.6% 的亚洲裔青少年的访谈，以及 67.5% 的白人青少年的访谈（后两组仅在城市地区进行选择）。这些差异源于人口群体间活动模式的不同，使得一些青少年比其他青少年更少待在家。