Treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with underlying hypovitaminosis D: randomized comparative clinical trial

Abstract Objectives This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators of the periodontal state and hemodynamics in patients receiving pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency as a part of the complex therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis. Methodology This was a randomized prospective comparative clinical trial. It involved 110 patients with moderate generalized periodontitis and vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)<50 nmol/L) who were divided into two experimental groups. One experimental group received conventional treatment, whereas the other group received conventional treatment with pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency(vitamin D3 + calcium). Results A significant reduction in periodontal inflammation was observed across all study groups starting from day 14 of treatment. However, in a longer perspective (12 and 18 months after treatment), the indices analyzed remained fairly stable and corresponded to the chronic periodontitis clinical stabilization stage in both groups. The conventional treatment group demonstrated a marked tendency for all indicators to return to the baseline. Conclusions Pharmacotherapy of vitamin D deficiency contributed to the normalization of periodontal microcirculation (the σ and Kv values approached those of healthy periodontium) as evidenced by the immediate and long-term follow-up results. Clinical observation of patients suffering from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis with underlying hypovitaminosis D makes an argument to the use of vitamin D supplementation for the correction of vitamin D deficiency as a part of the complex treatment. Trial registration number: NCT67823273