Verification of the 8.5 σ Isotropic and 5 σ Directional Two-Harmonic Cosmic Birefringence Dipole in Planck 2018 Polarization Data (v1.3)

Summary This dataset (v 1.3) presents the verification and robustness phase of an independent investigation into cosmic birefringence in the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), based on Planck 2018 SMICA and NILC component-separated maps. It extends earlier analyses that identified an 8.5 σ isotropic rotation and a 4–5 σ directional component, performing comprehensive calibration, simulation, and consistency tests to confirm the persistence and two-harmonic structure of the effect across all methods and sky regions. The birefringence — a rotation of the CMB’s linear polarization plane — shows a persistent East–West dipole and a scale-dependent two-harmonic modulation of the rotation angle α(ℓ). These features remain stable across all component-separation methods and masking strategies, revealing a coherent parity-violating structure in the polarized microwave sky. Earlier analyses (v 1.0–1.2) reported an 8.5 σ isotropic rotation and a 4–5 σ directional component, with α(ℓ) decreasing from ≈ 0.23° to 0.03° between ℓ = 500–1500 and exhibiting harmonic modulation with periods Δℓ ≈ 180 and 360. v 1.0 — Scale-Dependent and Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence: 8.5 σ Isotropic and 4–5 σ Directional Rotation in Planck Polarization Data (10.5281/zenodo.17317397) v 1.1 — Statistical Validation Dataset (10.5281/zenodo.17396428) v 1.2 — Two-Harmonic Extension of Scale-Dependent Cosmic Birefringence (10.5281/zenodo.17410764) v 1.3 (this release) — Verification and Robustness Tests for Scale-Dependent and Directional Cosmic Birefringence in Planck 2018 Polarization Data Version 1.3 performs a full verification pipeline (NSIDE = 2048, fₛₖᵧ ≈ 0.47) including: • Calibration and Null Checks — TB/EB spectra ≈ 0; Q/U rotations (±0.2°–0.5°) shift α(ℓ) as expected; injected constant-α (0.25°) simulations recover within ±0.01°. • Robustness Across Methods — SMICA and NILC agree within ≈ 0.05°–0.10° per ℓ-bin; results stable for |b| = 31°–45° and 2°–3° apodizations; the East–West dipole persists. • Statistical and Reproducibility Checks — Covariance tests, Monte Carlo nulls, and SHA-verified logs confirm that the observed pattern cannot be attributed to noise or map artifacts. These results confirm a reproducible, parity-violating rotation of the CMB polarization plane — a cosmological signal that withstands every calibration, masking, and simulation challenge tested to date. PUBLICATION RECORD PREDECESSOR PUBLICATION (separate record)1. Sep 20, 2025 (v1.0) -- Harmonic Phase Alignments in Planck 2018 CMB -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17167268 MAIN RESEARCH SERIESConcept DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173173972. Oct 10, 2025 (v1.0) -- Scale-Dependent Anisotropic Birefringence: Initial Detection -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173173983. Oct 20, 2025 (v1.1) -- Scale-Dependent Anisotropic Birefringence: Validation Dataset -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173964284. Oct 21, 2025 (v1.2) -- Two-Harmonic Extension -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.174107645. Oct 28, 2025 (v1.3) -- Two-Harmonic Dipole Verification -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.174689886. Nov 1, 2025 (v1.4) -- MASTER-Calibrated Dipole -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175007917. Nov 1, 2025 (v1.41) -- Extended MASTER Calibration and Robustness -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175089088. Nov 7, 2025 (v1.42) -- Dependence-Aware Joint Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175538299. Nov 8, 2025 (v1.43) -- Phase Model Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756131310. Nov 8, 2025 (v1.44) -- Axis + Frequency + Half-Mission Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756176811. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.5) -- Multipole Structure and Model Selection -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756296512. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.6) -- Phenomenology and Physical Interpretation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756619713. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.7) -- Prediction and Experiment Overlays -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756687014. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.8) -- Model Rejection and Delta-l Persistence -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756724115. Nov 10, 2025 (v2.0) -- Intrinsic Periodicity in l-space -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1757404816. Nov 10, 2025 (v2.1) -- Physical Origin of Delta-l Modulation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1757708617. Nov 11, 2025 (v2.2) -- Universe-Model Evaluation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1758541918. Nov 12, 2025 (v2.3) -- Domain Geometry and Topological Inference -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1759415719. Nov 13, 2025 (v2.4) -- Real-Space Correlation of Birefringence Field -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1759753720. Nov 13, 2025 (v2.5) -- Spectral Surgery on Delta-l ~109 Harmonic -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1760498221. Nov 14, 2025 (v2.6) -- Angular Locality of Delta-l = 109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1761334822. Nov 15, 2025 (v2.7) -- Sky-Local Origin of Delta-l ~109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762002923. Nov 15, 2025 (v2.8) -- Domain Topology of Delta-l ~109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762060524. Nov 16, 2025 (v2.9) -- Dual-Domain Coherence and Boundary Geometry -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762187125. Nov 17, 2025 (v2.10) -- Boundary Sequence Structure on Dual-Domain Loop -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1763581126. Nov 19, 2025 (v2.11) -- Boundary Standing-Wave and Phase-Structure Analysis -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1764803327. Nov 21, 2025 (v2.12) -- Boundary Universality and Standing-Wave Fingerprints -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1767637728. Nov 23, 2025 (v2.13) -- Interior Propagation and Boundary-Driven Structure -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17693540 Contact email: [e-mail] 22 Blue - The Heartbeat of the Universe