Nontargeted Screening and Determination of Sulfonamides: A Dispersive Micro Solid-Phase Extraction Approach to the Analysis of Milk and Honey Samples Using Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

A simple,
rapid, sensitive, selective, and environmentally friendly method,
based on a dispersive micro solid-phase extraction approach (dispersive
micro SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography–high-resolution
mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), was established for the analysis of sulfonamides
in honey and milk. An efficient nontargeted screening strategy was
designed to discover and identify known and unknown sulfonamides in
honey and milk using full-MS/all ion fragmentation (AIF) mass spectrometry
acquisition mode. The experimental parameters and conditions of dispersive
micro SPE on extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. Under
the optimized conditions, the dispersive micro SPE method showed a
low limit of detection (LOD) for the targeted sulfonamides ranging
from 0.003 to 0.2 μg/L in milk and from 0.01 to 1 μg/kg
in honey with the recoveries of the analytes between 68.8 and 115.8%.
Compared with the reported methods, improvements in convenience, low
cost, and environmental friendliness were obtained in this study.