Study subject information and HIV burdens in different compartments.

Brain tissues and study subject information were obtained from the Manhattan HIV Brain Bank (MHBB) as described in Methods. Pid: subject I.D. at MHBB. Category abbreviation: HAND: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder. ART: antiretroviral treatment. ART drug abbreviations: nor: norvir; cri: crixivan; kal: kaletra; nev: nevirapine; tri: trizivir; ten: tenofovir; aba: abacavir; efa: efavirenz; 3tc: epivir, lamivudine; d4t: stavudine. The duration of the listed ART regimen prior to death while in the MHBB program was (in months): ART1 (5), ART2 (4), ART3 (6), ART4 (36), ART5 (24), ART6 (36), ART7 (3). PMI: post-mortem interval. R: race (W: white; H: hispanic; B: black); Risk: IVDU: intravenous drug use; Het-sx: heterosexual; Hom-sx: homosexual. CD4: number of CD4 positive T cells per mm3 and vl, virus loads in plasma and CSF in RNA copies per mL were provided by MHBB with other patient information. Brain vl was determined in this work by real-time PCR and expressed as viral DNA copies per 500,000 cells, the latter determined by beta-globin gene content, and viral RNA copies per 1 µg RNA; virus detection was confirmed by standard PCR and Southern hybridization with a specific probe; un: undetectable by QPCR or standard PCR; l.pos: low-positive by standard PCR; na: data not available. Brain pathology: see Methods for detailed definitions.