Environmentally-associated color divergence does not coincide with population structure across Lesser Antillean anoles

Species distributed across heterogeneous environments may undergo local adaptation, which can be limited by the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Lesser Antillean anoles exhibit dorsal color variation associated with dramatic shifts in environment across small spatial scales, providing an excellent system for studying the maintenance of local adaptation despite ongoing gene flow. The 1995 Soufriere Hills eruption on Montserrat provides an opportunity to understand how natural disasters may influence evolution of insular species. Thus, our study had two main objectives. First, we collected genetic, phenotypic, and environmental data to investigate whether environmentally-associated dorsal coloration reflects underlying population structure in three species of Lesser Antillean anoles. Second, we examined the short-term evolutionary consequences of volcanism by comparing pre- and post-eruption samples of Anolis lividus using multi-locus sequence data. We found all three species exhibited ..., , , # README: Environmentally-associated color divergence does not coincide with population structure across Lesser Antillean anoles

Access this dataset on Dryad: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xksn02vq0](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xksn02vq0)

Submitted here is a datafile containing the unphased DNA sequence of a nuclear gene (MC1R) in FASTA format. Sequences were generated by Sanger sequencing. These sequences are provided here because they do not meet the minimum length required for accession in Genbank. These data were used in analyses described in the article \"Environmentally-associated color divergence does not coincide with population structure across Lesser Antillean anoles.\" In this study we examined the relationship between genetic population structure and habitat associated phenotypic differences in Lesser Antillean anoles. Specifically, MC1R data is derived from *Anolis lividus* from the island of Montserrat.

## Description of the data and file structure

Data is provided ...,