eLetter_Taylor_Albert.zip = figures, tree files, and data sets used for eLetter to Science regarding (“A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene Taiwan,” 11 April 2025, p. 176

This eLetter to Science on Tsutaya et al. (“A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene Taiwan,” 11 April 2025, p. 176) presents a reanalysis of proteomic data from the Penghu 1 mandible. Given the lack of a clear phylogenetic signal separating Penghu 1 from H. sapiens, we contend that concluding Penghu 1 is definitively Denisovan based on the current proteomic evidence is premature. Homo sapiens, including from populations with potential Denisovan introgression, remains a plausible identification requiring further consideration.