Table_3_Chemical Diversity and Biochemical Transformation of Biogenic Organic Sulfur in the Ocean.xlsx

Organic sulfur compounds are not only essential for organismal survival but also indispensable for the sulfur cycle. Over the past few decades, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cycling in the upper ocean have been well characterized from the genetic to the ecosystem level. Recent advances in the study of marine sulfonate transformation have indicated that phytoplankton and microbes play key roles in oceanic sulfur and carbon fluxes. This review provides biochemical details of the major sulfur metabolites, and presents an interlinked reaction network with genetic information on the microbial transformation and mineralization of sulfur compounds. This review also discusses future prospects for the discovery and characterization of novel substrates and enzymes involved in organosulfur cycling, as well as for investigations of deep sea and sedimentary organic sulfur.

有机硫化合物不仅是生物体生存的必需品，而且在硫循环中亦不可或缺。在过去的几十年里，从遗传学到生态系统层面，上层海洋中的二甲基磺酰丙酸（DMSP）和二甲基硫化物（DMS）的循环已得到充分表征。近年来，海洋磺酸盐转化研究的新进展表明，浮游植物和微生物在海洋硫和碳通量中发挥着关键作用。本文综述了主要硫代谢物的生化细节，并呈现了一个与微生物转化和硫化合物矿化相关的遗传信息的互联反应网络。此外，本文还探讨了发现和表征参与有机硫循环的新型底物和酶的未来前景，以及对深海和沉积有机硫的研究。