Variability of the Leaf Area Index in natural fields and transition forest in Southern Amazonas State, Brazil

The Leaf Area Index (LAI) has strong influence on ecosystems' energy and mass exchange and is fundamental to the understanding of regional climate changes and ecosystem dynamics. The main goal of this work was to establish, based on geostatistical analyses, the variability and spatial dependence of LAI in the natural fields and transitional forest in southern Amazonas State, in Brazil. The LAI was measured in a regular grid with 33 points at each studied area. Field measurements were done using the canopy analyser LAI-2000, which calculates the structure of the vegetation based on the radiation beneath the tree canopy. The average values of LAI varied according to the studied sites: the highest values were found in the transitional forest (4.42 m²m-2), followed by the high (2.03 m²m-2) and low (1.72 m²m-2) natural fields. All studied sites showed spatial dependence according to the kriging methods, but with different degrees of dependence: spatial dependence was moderate at the transition forest and weak at the natural fields. In the more arboreal open field, the maximum limit at which the points are correlated reached a distance of 35.3 m. The kriging maps proved to be very important tools for describing the spatial distribution of LAI in the Amazon.