Bos grunniens Genome sequencing and assembly. Bos grunniens

Background: The yak (Bos grunniens) is a critical livestock breed in the plateau region, and changing the feeding system can significantly improve the growth performance of yaks. In this study, the effects of different feeding regimes on growth performance and the meat quality of yaks were comprehensively compared. The transcriptome and proteome of longissimus dorsi muscle were studied by RNA-seq and TMT techniques.Results: Our study found that indoor feeding significantly improved the yak growth performance (such as the average daily gain and net meat) and meat quality level compared with traditional grazing feeding. In the grazing (Group G) vs. stabling groups (Group HF) yak comparison, 40 DEGs/DAPs showed the same mRNA and protein expression trends. These genes are associated with collagen binding, lipoxygenase pathway, and arachidonic acid metabolic process.PRM verified the reliability of the TMT results. Moreover, some pathways such as the "AMPK signaling pathway," "FoxO signaling pathway," "PPAR signaling pathway," and "Fatty acid metabolism" were significantly enriched in this study.