Characteristics of the study community: 2002 vs. 2009.

a2-hour drive on a unpaved road, 4-hour motor boat ride, 7-hour walk in the jungle.bChloroquine and primaquine (introduced following a previous malaria epidemic).cAmpicillin, dicloxacillin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.dTraveller, an individual with a history of travel to Yurimaguas (the nearest urban area) in the 12 months preceding the survey. No statistically significant difference between 2002 and 2009 (P>0.37).eIndividuals reporting antibiotic use in the two weeks preceding the survey. No statistically significant difference between 2002 and 2009 (P = 0.76).fTET, tetracycline; AMP, ampicillin; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.