Supplementary data for the paper 'Personality and acceptance as predictors of ChatGPT use'

Within a year of its launch, ChatGPT has seen a surge in popularity. While many are drawn to its effectiveness and user-friendly interface, ChatGPT also introduces moral concerns, such as the temptation to present generated text as one’s own. This led us to theorize that personality traits such as Machiavellianism and sensation-seeking may be predictive of ChatGPT usage. We launched two online questionnaires with 2,000 respondents each, in September 2023 and March 2024, respectively. In Questionnaire 1, 22% of respondents were students, and 54% were full-time employees; 32% indicated they used ChatGPT at least weekly. Analysis of our ChatGPT Acceptance Scale revealed two factors, Effectiveness and Concerns, which correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with ChatGPT use frequency. A specific aspect of Machiavellianism (manipulation tactics) was found to predict ChatGPT usage. Questionnaire 2 was a replication of Questionnaire 1, with 21% students and 54% full-time employees, of which 43% indicated using ChatGPT weekly. In Questionnaire 2, more extensive personality scales were used. We found a moderate correlation between Machiavellianism and ChatGPT usage (r = .22) and with an opportunistic attitude towards undisclosed use (r = .30), relationships that largely remained intact after controlling for gender, age, education level, and the respondents’ country. We conclude that covert use of ChatGPT is associated with darker personality traits, something that requires further attention.

ChatGPT上线仅一年便迎来了爆发式的人气增长。尽管不少用户被其出色的使用效果与友好的交互界面所吸引，但该工具也引发了诸多伦理层面的担忧，例如存在将生成文本冒充为个人原创内容的道德诱惑。基于此，我们提出假说：马基雅维利主义（Machiavellianism）、感觉寻求等人格特质或可预测用户对ChatGPT的使用行为。我们分别于2023年9月与2024年3月开展两项线上问卷调查，每项调研各招募2000名受访者。在第一项调研中，22%的受访者为学生，54%为全职雇员，32%的受访者表示每周至少使用一次ChatGPT。通过对ChatGPT接受度量表的分析，我们提取出两个因子：效能感知与伦理顾虑，二者分别与ChatGPT使用频率呈正相关与负相关。研究发现，马基雅维利主义的特定维度（操纵策略）可预测用户对ChatGPT的使用行为。第二项调研为第一项的重复验证实验，其中21%的受访者为学生，54%为全职雇员，43%的受访者表示每周使用ChatGPT。本次调研采用了更全面的人格量表。我们发现马基雅维利主义与ChatGPT使用行为（r = .22）、以及对未公开使用ChatGPT的机会主义态度（r = .30）之间存在中等程度的相关关系；在控制性别、年龄、受教育程度与受访者所在国家等变量后，上述相关关系依然显著。我们由此得出结论：隐蔽使用ChatGPT的行为与暗黑人格特质存在关联，这一议题值得学界进一步关注。