TABLE 5 in Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia

TABLE 5. Tick-borne diseases of public health or potential importance in continental Southeast Asia. PathogenKnown vector or potential vectorKnown or potential reservoir hostsCambodiaLao PDRPeninsular MalaysiaMyanmarThailandVietnamReferencesVirusesIssyk-Kul*A. vespertilionisxL'vov et al. 1973b, 1984, Cornet et al. 2004Langat virusI. granulatus, Ha. papuana, Ha. spinigera (transmission demonstrated)Rattus spp.xxVarma and Smith 1962, Bancroft et al. 1976, Ahantarig et al. 2008, Dobler 2010Lanjan virusD. auratus 1, Haemaphysalis sp., Ixodes sp. I. granulatus, Ha. nadchatrami, Ha. semermisxTan et al. 1967, Hoogstraal 1973, Hoogstraal and Wassef 1984SeletarR. microplusxCornet et al. 2004Wad Medani virusR. microplus?Hoogstraal 1973BacteriaAnaplasma sp.A. testudinarium, D. auratus, Ha. hystricis, Ha. wellingtonixxKhoo et al. 2016 a, Nooroong et al. 2018Anaplasma phagocytophilum *R. sanguineusDogs?xKoh et al. 2016Bartonella sp.Ha. hystricis, Ha. wellingtonixKhoo et al. 2016aBartonella tamiaeHaemaphysalis sp.?Ahantarig et al. 2008, Kosoy et al. 2008Borrelia sp.A. testudinarium, D. auratus, Ha. aborensis, Ha. hystricisxTaylor et al. 2016, Khoo et al. 2017Coxiella burnetii *D. steini, Ha. hystricis, R. microplus, Dermacentor sp., Amblyomma sp., Haemaphysalis sp.Tupaia glis, Rattus sabanus, R. surifer, R. rajah, R. mulleri, cattlexxMarchette1966, Varma and Mahadevan 1970, Suttinont et al. 2006, Ahantarig et al. 2008, Khoo et al. 2016b, Nurkunasegran et al. 2017Coxiella- likeA. testudinarium, D. atrosignatus, Ha. bispinosa, Ha. hystricis, Ha. lagrangei, Ha. wellingtoni, D. compactus, Amblyomma sp.xKhoo et al. 2016b, Sumrandee et al. 2016, Nooroong et al. 2018Francisella??Ahantarig et al. 2008Ehrlichia sp.A. testudinarium, Ha. aborensis, Ha. hystricis, Ha. wellingtonixKhoo et al. 2016a, Taylor et al. 2016Ehrlichia chaffeensis *R. sanguineusDogsxKoh et al. 2016, 2018Rickettsia sp.A. testudinarium, D. auratus, Ha. bispinosa, Ha. hystricis, Ha. wellingtoni, I. granulatus, Rhipicephalus sp.Rattus mulleri, R. whiteheadi, R. argentiventer, R. diardii, cowxxMarchette 1966, Kernif et al. 2012, Khoo et al. 2016a, Taylor et al. 2016Rickettsia sp. AATA. testudinariumxTaylor et al. 2016Rickettsia near aeschlimanniiHa. lagrangeixSumrandee et al. 2016Rickettsia sp. kagoshima6A. testudinariumxTaylor et al. 2016Rickettsia sp. PMK94xAhantarig et al. 2008Rickettsia sp. TwKM01A. testudinariumxTaylor et al. 2016R. conori ssp. indica *R. sanguineusRattus sp.xxParola et al. 2013, Ahantarig et al. 2008R. helvetica *Ixodes spp., I. ovatusxxWatt and Parola 2003, Fournier et al. 2004, Suttinont et al. 2006, Parola et al. 2013 a, b, Ahantarig et al. 2008Rickettsia honei TT-118*I. granulatus, Ixodes sp., Rhipicephalus sp.Rattus sp., Bandicota indicaxParaola et al. 2003 a, b, Ahantarig et al. 2008Rickettsia sp. LOM13Haemaphysalis sp.xKho et al. 2017Rickettsia TCM1Ha. bispinosaxKho et al. 2017RickettsiaHa. bispinosa,Kho et al. 2017heilongjiangensis -Haemaphysalis spp., R.xlikemicroplus, R. sanguineusRickettsia hulinensisHaemaphysalis spp.xKho et al. 2017R. japonica *Mixed pool Haemaphysalis sp., Ha. hystricis, A. testudinarium, I. ovatus, D. taiwanensis, Ha. longicornis, Ha. cornigeraRattus sp., Bandicota indica, wild rodents, small carnivoresxWatt and Parola 2003, Takada et al. 2009, Parola et al. 2013 a, b, Taylor et al. 2016R. massiliae -likexxKho et al. 2017, Nooroong et al. 2018R. marmionii -likeD. atrosignatusxNooroong et al. 2018R. raoultii -likeA. helvolum, A. varanense, D. auratus, D. atrosignatusxxDoornbos et al. 2013, Sumrandee et al. 2014a, 2016, Kho et al. 2017, Nooroong et al. 2018R. tamuraeA. testudinarium, R. microplusWild boarxxSumrandee et al. 2016, Taylor et al. 2016, Kho et al. 2017Candidatus Rickettsia khammouanensisHaemaphysalis sp.xxTaylor et al. 2016, Nooroong et al. 2018Candidatus Rickettsia laoensisHaemaphysalis sp.xTaylor et al. 2016Candidatus Rickettsia mahosotiiA. testudinariumxTaylor et al. 2016ProtozoaBabesia microti **R. haemaphysaloidesrodentsxZhou et al. 2013, 2014, Li et al. 2016 ……continued on the next page ……continued on the next page *Known to cause disease in humans 1 The identity of the Dermacentor species found harbouring this virus remains uncertain. Hoogstraal and Wassef (1984) suggest that D. compactus or D. atrosignatus are more likely suspects. **Data from Yunnan, China, but on the border with Myanmar and with trans-border human movement.