"The impact of (in)congruence of human artificial intelligence skills on enterprise resilience: a socio-technical systems perspec"

"With the advancement of digital technologies, the proficient utilization of artificial intelligence has become a pivotal strategy for enhancing enterprise resilience. However, existing research has yet to elucidate the disparities in the application of human AI skills, thereby hindering many enterprises from fully leveraging the potential value of AI. Grounded in socio-technical systems theory, this investigation examines how the (in)congruence, congruence type, and incongruence direction between employees' technical AI skills and managerial AI skills within a firm influences enterprise resilience. Furthermore, it explores the moderating roles of governmental digital preference and stakeholder engagement in this relationship. Our research is based on 318 manufacturing firms in China, using a combination of surveys and secondary data. We conducted tests using polynomial regression and response surface methods, and validated their robustness by applying the bootstrap method. Surprisingly, the hypothesis that stakeholder engagement amplifies the positive effects of human AI skills congruence is not supported. While existing literature extensively emphasizes the value of external collaboration, this study reveals that extensive stakeholder networks may actually weaken internal skill synergy due to goal disagreements, coordination costs, or organizational compatibility issues. This study not only provides an empirical skill configuration strategy for the field of engineering management but also provides a theoretical basis and data support for the government to formulate artificial intelligence industrial policies and talent training plans. It also has important practical guidance value for promoting the digital transformation and resilience construction of the manufacturing industry."