Wood Density, Genetic, and Climate Data for Black Spruce Dendroecological and Genomic Analysis in Eastern Canada

This dataset supports dendroecological and genetic analyses of black spruce (_Picea mariana_) trees from two common garden sites in Gaspésie, Quebec. It includes raw and processed wood density measurements, high-resolution climate data, genotypic information, dendrometric traits, and analytical R scripts. The data were collected as part of a genecological experiment involving 35 full-sib families planted across randomized blocks, enabling the study of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs), trait–climate relationships, and genetic heritability. Wood cores were processed using Quintek X-ray densitometry to obtain earlywood and latewood density profiles and calculate ring-level traits such as basal area increment. Genotyping was conducted using ~18,000 SNP markers, and a filtered subset of 5,000 markers was used for genomic analyses. Daily-scale climate data from 2000–2012 were generated using BIOSIM 11 and include indices such as the Drought Code and Climate Moisture Index. R scripts accompany the dataset to perform IADF detection, climate-trait correlation analysis, heritability estimation with ASReml-R, and spatial trait gradient evaluation by provenance. The dataset enables reproducible analysis of phenotypic plasticity, climatic sensitivity, and genomic introgression in black spruce under varying environmental and genetic conditions.