ACUTE LEUKEMIAS IN HEMATOLOGY

Acute leukemias represent a group of malignant blood disorders characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of blast cells and disruption of normal hematopoiesis. The disease leads to anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, increased fatigue, and a higher susceptibility to infections. This paper discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, laboratory and molecular cytogenetic investigations, as well as modern approaches to treatment and prevention of complications. The analysis of current methods highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive diagnostics, and an individualized approach to therapy in order to improve prognosis and the quality of life of patients.