The generation and control of irregularly shaped perfect vector vortex beams on hybrid Poincare spheres are based on all-dielectric metasurfaces

Irregular-shaped Perfect Vector Vortex Beams (IPVVBs), as a new type of structured light in light field control, have attracted much attention due to their combination of spatial vectorization, orbital angular momentum control and polygonal symmetry. Compared with traditional circular symmetric vortex beams, this type of beam has significant advantages in mode control and degree of freedom expansion, providing new possibilities for high-dimensional light field coding, optical manipulation and information transmission. In this paper, by using all-dielectric metasurfaces designed with pure geometric phases and introducing cross-phase distributions, the generation and spatial polarization control of perfect vector vortex beams with integer and fractional irregular shapes on hybrid Poincare spheres are achieved. The proposed IPVVBs exhibits unique topological properties and stable transmission characteristics. Meanwhile, the designed metasurface has excellent broadband characteristics and can efficiently generate irregularly shaped PVVBs at multiple wavelengths. In addition, experimentally, we demonstrated the edge imaging effect of a perfect vector vortex beam with an irregular shape, with a resolution of up to 4.38 μm. This work of ours has opened up new research directions for cutting-edge fields such as modern optical imaging, microscopic manipulation and quantum communication.