Table_1_A Mediterranean diet plan in lactating women with obesity reduces maternal energy intake and modulates human milk composition – a feasibility study.DOCX

IntroductionMaternal obesity is associated with increased concentrations of human milk (HM) obesogenic hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oligosaccharides (HMOs) that have been associated with infant growth and adiposity. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if adherence to a Mediterranean meal plan during lactation modulates macronutrients and bioactive molecules in human milk from mothers with obesity.MethodsSixteen healthy, exclusively breastfeeding women with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) enrolled between 4 and 5 months postpartum. The women followed a 4-week Mediterranean meal plan which was provided at no cost. Maternal and infant anthropometrics, HM composition, and infant intakes were measured at enrollment and at weeks 2 and 4 of the intervention. Thirteen mother-infant dyads completed the study. Additionally, participants from an adjacent, observational cohort who had obesity and who collected milk at 5 and 6 months postpartum were compared to this cohort.ResultsParticipants’ healthy eating index scores improved (+27 units, p

母体肥胖与人类乳汁（HM）中肥胖相关激素、促炎细胞因子和寡糖（HMOs）浓度增加有关，这些物质与婴儿的生长和脂肪积累相关。本试点研究的目的是确定在哺乳期间遵循地中海饮食计划是否调节肥胖母亲的乳汁中的宏量营养素和生物活性分子。方法：招募了16名健康的、仅哺乳肥胖女性（体重指数≥30kg/m²），她们的招募时间在产后4至5个月之间。这些女性遵循了一个为期四周的地中海饮食计划，该计划免费提供。在招募时以及干预的第2周和第4周，测量了母亲的和婴儿的体格测量值、乳汁成分和婴儿摄入量。13对母亲-婴儿对完成了该研究。此外，与在相邻观察队列中的肥胖参与者（在产后5个月和6个月收集乳汁）进行了比较，这些参与者在研究中的表现。结果：参与者的健康饮食指数得分有所提高（+27单位，p