Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Europe at 1000 meter resolution (EU-LAEA) derived from Copernicus Global 30 meter DEM dataset

Overview: The Copernicus DEM is a Digital Surface Model (DSM) which represents the surface of the Earth including buildings, infrastructure and vegetation. The original GLO-30 provides worldwide coverage at 30 meters (refers to 10 arc seconds). Note that ocean areas do not have tiles, there one can assume height values equal to zero. Data is provided as Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs. Note that the vertical unit for measurement of elevation height is meters. The Copernicus DEM for Europe at 1000 meter resolution (EU-LAEA projection) in COG format has been derived from the Copernicus DEM GLO-30, mirrored on Open Data on AWS, dataset managed by Sinergise (https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/). Processing steps: The original Copernicus GLO-30 DEM contains a relevant percentage of tiles with non-square pixels. We created a mosaic map in VRT format and defined within the VRT file the rule to apply cubic resampling while reading the data, i.e. importing them into GRASS GIS for further processing. We chose cubic instead of bilinear resampling since the height-width ratio of non-square pixels is up to 1:5. Hence, artefacts between adjacent tiles in rugged terrain could be minimized: gdalbuildvrt -input_file_list list_geotiffs_MOOD.csv -r cubic -tr 0.000277777777777778 0.000277777777777778 Copernicus_DSM_30m_MOOD.vrt In order to reproject the data to EU-LAEA projection while reducing the spatial resolution to 1000 m, bilinear resampling was performed in GRASS GIS (using r.proj and the pixel values were scaled with 1000 (storing the pixels as Integer values) for data volume reduction. In addition, a hillshade raster map was derived from the resampled elevation map (using r.relief, GRASS GIS). Eventually, we exported the elevation and hillshade raster maps in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format, along with SLD and QML style files. Projection + EPSG code: ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (EPSG: 3035) Spatial extent: north: 6874000 south: -485000 west: 869000 east: 8712000 Spatial resolution: 1000 m Pixel values: meters * 1000 (scaled to Integer; example: value 23220 = 23.220 m a.s.l.) Software used: GDAL 3.2.2 and GRASS GIS 8.0.0 (r.proj; r.relief) Original dataset license: https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/documents/20126/0/CSCDA_ESA_Mission-specific+Annex.pdf Processed by: mundialis GmbH & Co. KG, Germany (https://www.mundialis.de/)

概述：哥白尼数字高程模型（Copernicus DEM）是一款数字地表模型（Digital Surface Model, DSM），可完整呈现地球表面的建筑、基础设施与植被覆盖情况。原始GLO-30数据集以30米分辨率（对应10角秒）实现全球覆盖。需注意，海洋区域无对应瓦片，此类区域的高程值默认设为0。数据以云优化GeoTIFF（Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG）格式提供，高程测量的垂直单位为米。本欧洲区域1000米分辨率、采用EU-LAEA投影的哥白尼DEM数据，源自AWS开放数据平台镜像的哥白尼DEM GLO-30数据集，该原始数据集由Sinergise公司管理（https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/）。

处理流程：原始哥白尼GLO-30 DEM中存在相当比例的非方形像素瓦片。我们首先创建了VRT格式的镶嵌图，并在VRT文件中定义了读取数据时采用三次重采样的规则，随后将数据导入GRASS GIS开展后续处理。相较于双线性重采样，我们选择三次重采样的原因在于非方形像素的高宽比最高可达1:5，此举可最大程度削弱崎岖地形中相邻瓦片间的伪影：`gdalbuildvrt -input_file_list list_geotiffs_MOOD.csv -r cubic -tr 0.000277777777777778 0.000277777777777778 Copernicus_DSM_30m_MOOD.vrt`。为将数据重投影至EU-LAEA投影并将空间分辨率降至1000米，我们在GRASS GIS中通过r.proj工具执行双线性重采样，并将像素值缩放1000倍（以整数形式存储像素值）以压缩数据体量。此外，我们基于重采样后的高程图，通过GRASS GIS的r.relief工具生成了晕渲栅格图。最终，我们将高程与晕渲栅格图导出为云优化GeoTIFF（COG）格式，同时附带SLD与QML样式文件。

投影及EPSG代码：ETRS89扩展/欧洲LAEA投影（EPSG: 3035）
空间范围：北：6874000；南：-485000；西：869000；东：8712000
空间分辨率：1000米
像素值：实际高程值乘以1000后以整数形式存储；示例：数值23220对应海拔23.220米
所用软件：GDAL 3.2.2与GRASS GIS 8.0.0（包含r.proj、r.relief工具）
原始数据集许可证：https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/documents/20126/0/CSCDA_ESA_Mission-specific+Annex.pdf
处理方：德国mundialis GmbH & Co. KG（https://www.mundialis.de/）

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是基于哥白尼全球30米DEM衍生的欧洲数字高程模型，分辨率为1000米，采用EU-LAEA投影（EPSG: 3035），覆盖欧洲特定空间范围。数据经过重投影和分辨率降低处理，像素值以米为单位并缩放为整数存储，以优化数据体积，同时提供山体阴影栅格和样式文件，适用于地理空间分析和环境研究。