Properties of circular-permutated mKate variants.

aRed fluorescence of all circular-permutated mKate variants shown in this table, with a N-terminal leader peptide from pRSET vector, have the same excitation (588 nm) and emission (620 nm) maxima as mKate; whereas the published emission maximum of mKate are 635 nm [9], and 625 nm [24].bAbsorption maxima for red and green chromophores are 588 nm and 442 nm, respectively.cRed fluorescence quantum yield at 588 nm excitation were measured using mKate as the reference standard.dRatio of red chromophore absorption at 588 nm and protein absorption at 280 nm.eFluorescence of cp-mKate relative to mKate with fixed protein concentration (BCA assay).