IIR handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems.

Indirect systems with secondary (working) fluid circuits are often used where there are many places to be cooled or where long pipes are required. Examples of systems with many places to be cooled are slaughter houses, dairies and breweries. Long pipes are common in air conditioning plants, artificial ice rinks and ground source heat pumps with long collector tubes in the ground. Indirect systems have often replaced systems with direct expansion within supermarket refrigeration, where the secondary fluid transports heat from cooling rooms or cabinets to achieve the right temperature of the products. Indirect systems are nowadays also used in freezer applications but more often with carbon-dioxide as phase changing secondary working media. Indirect systems have come in focus as requirements for tighter constructions are sharpened in order to minimize leakage of refrigerants from plants as well as the adjusted legislation to secure the phasing out of certain refrigerants. A Handbook on indirect systems was published in Swedish in 2010 in cooperation with over twenty companies and experts and an English translation has now been prepared to be published by the IIR. The chapters deal with the following topics: 1. Direct and indirect systems, 2. Indirect system solutions, 3. Components, 4. Secondary fluids, 5. Corrosion, 6. Environmental aspects, 7. Projecting and dimensioning, 8. Design and control of system, 9. System construction and installation and 10. Optimization of indirect systems. An expectation of all involved in producing the Handbook is that it will help to better understand and work with indirect systems. This paper is intended to give hints on what is covered in the Handbook!