Cacao Farmers Tumaco

<p>The replacement of illicit crops with cacao in Colombia's South Pacific region involves more than economic viability. It is closely tied to social-ecological restoration, where local organizations and international NGOs play a key role in providing technical improvements linked to social progress. This region, historically affected by violence and illicit crop cultivation, is critical for post-conflict agreements.</p>

<p>This study examines the factors influencing cacao selling prices, focusing on how access to international markets depends more on support for farmers than monetary value. Adequate infrastructure is essential for producing high-quality dry cacao, crucial for market access. Without it, efforts to substitute illicit crops, along with environmental and social stability, are at risk. Using a spatial econometric model, the study highlights that participation in community councils, supported by NGOs, is vital for reducing environmental risks and ensuring sustainability.</p>

<p>The survey was conducted among farmers in Tumaco, Colombia, as part of a research project aimed at understanding agricultural practices, challenges, and climate change adaptation strategies in the region. The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) under protocol number CEID/HU/2020/53, ensuring that all procedures adhered to strict ethical guidelines. The survey was designed to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of participants, with informed consent obtained from all respondents prior to participation. The data collection process followed established protocols to minimize any risks to participants and to ensure that their rights were fully protected throughout the study.</p>